Author name: TopperNest

The endocrine system plays a vital role in regulating and coordinating body functions through chemical messengers called hormones. Unlike the nervous system, which uses electrical impulses for rapid responses, the endocrine system works more slowly but exerts long-lasting effects. It influences growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood, and homeostasis, making it essential for survival and health. Introduction

The human body constantly exchanges gases and eliminates waste products to maintain life. The respiratory system ensures oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal, while the urinary system filters blood and maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance. Respiratory System The respiratory system is a biological system that facilitates gas exchange. It’s responsible for taking in oxygen

The digestive system is like the body’s processing factory — it breaks down the food we eat into simple molecules, absorbs them, and supplies nutrients for energy, growth, and repair. Along with this, the body’s energetics system ensures that energy stored in food is converted into usable biochemical energy (ATP). Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal (GI)

The nervous system is one of the most complex and vital systems of the human body. It acts like a command and communication network, controlling our thoughts, emotions, movements, and responses to the environment. By coordinating information between the body and brain, it maintains homeostasis and ensures survival. This unit introduces the organization of the

The Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharmacy) is a four-year undergraduate program that focuses on the study of medicines, drugs, and their effect on the human body. It combines pharmaceutical sciences, chemistry, biology, healthcare studies, and practical training to prepare students for careers in the pharmacy and healthcare sector. B. Pharmacy 1st semester Notes B. Pharmacy

Mathematics becomes especially powerful when it can describe changes and predict outcomes. Two such tools are Differential Equations and Laplace Transforms. Differential equations help us model systems that change continuously, while Laplace transforms provide a systematic way to solve these equations, especially in applied sciences like pharmacokinetics and chemical kinetics. Definitions of Differential Equations A